http://stacks.iop.org/1538-4357 The Letters section was created as Part 2 of The Astrophysical Journal in 1967 by Chandrasekhar. He cited the need for a separate publishing schedule that allowed astrophysicists to rapidly publish short notices of their "spectacular developments in astronomy", Chandrasekhar, 1967, ApJ, 148, 1. In 1971, the Letters obtained its first editor separate from Part 1. For more information on the history of The Astrophysical Journal, see D. Osterbrock, 1995, ApJ, 438, 1. The Letters is a peer-reviewed express scientific journal published in paper and electronic formats for the AAS by IOP Publishing. Manuscripts must meet the same criteria for all papers published in The Astrophysical Journal with the additional criteria of timeliness and brevity. en-gb Copyright © IOP Publishing 2009 Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT http://syndication.iop.org/about/ custserv@iop.org (Customer Services) http://images.iop.org/website-logos/ejs_logo.png http://stacks.iop.org/ http://stacks.iop.org/1538-4357/700/i=1/a=L56?rss=2.0 Author(s): G. M. Mason, N. V. Nitta, C. M. S. Cohen, and M. E. Wiedenbeck<br>Affiliation(s): Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Lab., Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA Wed, 01 Jul 2009 23:00:00 GMT http://stacks.iop.org/1538-4357/700/i=1/a=L51?rss=2.0 Author(s): L. Kocharov, T. Laitinen, A. Al-Sawad, O. Saloniemi, E. Valtonen, and M. J. Reiner<br>Affiliation(s): Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland; The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA Wed, 01 Jul 2009 23:00:00 GMT http://stacks.iop.org/1538-4357/700/i=1/a=L47?rss=2.0 Author(s): Davide Lazzati, Brian J. Morsony, and Mitchell C. Begelman<br>Affiliation(s): Department of Physics, NC State University, 2401 Stinson Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695-8202, USA; JILA, University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0440, USA; Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 5534 Sterling Hall, 475 North Charter Street, Madison, WI 53706-1582, USA; Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, 389 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0389, USA Wed, 01 Jul 2009 23:00:00 GMT http://stacks.iop.org/1538-4357/700/i=1/a=L43?rss=2.0 Author(s): R. T. Garrod, A. I. Vasyunin, D. A. Semenov, D. S. Wiebe, and Th. Henning<br>Affiliation(s): Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6801, USA; Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyatnitskaya str. 48, 119017 Moscow, Russia Wed, 01 Jul 2009 23:00:00 GMT http://stacks.iop.org/1538-4357/700/i=1/a=L39?rss=2.0 Author(s): A. Verdini, M. Velli, and E. Buchlin<br>Affiliation(s): Observatoire Royale de Belgique, 3 Avenue Circulaire, 1180, Bruxelles, Belgium; e-mail; Dip. di Astronomia e Scienza dello Spazio, Univ. di Firenze, Largo E. Fermi 3, 50125 Firenze, Italy; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS - Universite Paris Sud, Bat. 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France Wed, 01 Jul 2009 23:00:00 GMT http://stacks.iop.org/1538-4357/700/i=1/a=L34?rss=2.0 Author(s): F. Camilo, S. M. Ransom, B. M. Gaensler, and D. R. Lorimer<br>Affiliation(s): Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Physics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA Mon, 29 Jun 2009 23:00:00 GMT http://stacks.iop.org/1538-4357/700/i=1/a=L30?rss=2.0 Author(s): Rory Barnes, Brian Jackson, Richard Greenberg, and Sean N. Raymond<br>Affiliation(s): Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1580, USA; Virtual Planetary Laboratory, USA; Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, UCB 389, Boulder, CO 80309-0389, USA Mon, 29 Jun 2009 23:00:00 GMT http://stacks.iop.org/1538-4357/700/i=1/a=L25?rss=2.0 Author(s): A. Moor, D. Apai, I. Pascucci, P. Abraham, C. Grady, Th. Henning, A. Juhasz, Cs. Kiss, and A. Kospal<br>Affiliation(s): Konkoly Observatory of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 67, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary; Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Eureka Scientific, 2452 Delmer Street, Suite 100, Oakland, CA 94602, USA; Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie, Konigstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, NL-2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands Mon, 29 Jun 2009 23:00:00 GMT http://stacks.iop.org/1538-4357/700/i=1/a=L21?rss=2.0 Author(s): Sadegh Khochfar and Joseph Silk<br>Affiliation(s): Max-Planck-Institute for Extraterretrial Physics, Giessenbachstr., D-85748, Garching, Germany; Department of Physics, Denys Wilkinson Bldg., University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK Sun, 28 Jun 2009 23:00:00 GMT http://stacks.iop.org/1538-4357/700/i=1/a=L16?rss=2.0 Author(s): J. F. Drake, P. A. Cassak, M. A. Shay, M. Swisdak, and E. Quataert<br>Affiliation(s): University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Sun, 28 Jun 2009 23:00:00 GMT http://stacks.iop.org/1538-4357/700/i=1/a=L11?rss=2.0 Author(s): Soo-Chang Rey, Sangmo T. Sohn, Michael A. Beasley, Young-Wook Lee, R. Michael Rich, Suk-Jin Yoon, Sukyoung K. Yi, Luciana Bianch, Yongbeom Kang, Kyeongsook Lee, Chul Chung, Sang-Yoon Lee, Tom A. Barlow, Karl Foster, Peter G. Friedman, D. Christopher Martin, Patrick Morrissey, Susan G. Neff, David Schiminovich, Mark Seibert, Ted K. Wyder, Jose Donas, Timothy M. Heckman, Barry F. Madore, Bruno Milliard, Alex S. Szalay, and Barry Y. Welsh<br>Affiliation(s): Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea; Center for Space Astrophysics, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea; California Institute of Technology, MC 405-47, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Via Lactea, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Homewood Campus, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Laboratory for Astronomy and Solar Physics, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Department of Astronomy, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA; Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, BP 8, Traverse du Siphon, 13376 Marseille Cedex 12, France; Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Sun, 28 Jun 2009 23:00:00 GMT http://stacks.iop.org/1538-4357/700/i=1/a=L6?rss=2.0 Author(s): G. Risaliti, M. Young, and M. Elvis<br>Affiliation(s): Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, I-50125 Firenze, Italy; Boston University, Astronomy Department, 725 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA Sun, 28 Jun 2009 23:00:00 GMT http://stacks.iop.org/1538-4357/700/i=1/a=L1?rss=2.0 Author(s): Dusan Keres and Lars Hernquist<br>Affiliation(s): Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Sun, 28 Jun 2009 23:00:00 GMT